About the Author

Dr. Sam L. Savage is the Executive Director of ProbabilityManagement.org, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit devoted to standardizing the communication and calculation of uncertainty. The organization has received funding from Chevron, Kaiser Permanente, Highmark Health, Lockheed Martin, PG&E, and others, and Harry Markowitz, Nobel Laureate in Economics was a co-founding board member. He is also an Adjunct in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University.  

Dr. Savage is author of The Flaw of Averages: Why We Underestimate Risk in the Face of Uncertainty (John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 2012) and Chancification: Fixing the Flaw of Averages (2022). He is the inventor of the Stochastic Information Packet (SIP), an auditable data array for conveying uncertainty.

Dr. Savage has published in both refereed journals and the popular press, with articles in the Harvard Business Review, The Journal of Portfolio Management, Phalanx, the Military Operations Research Journal, The Washington Post, and ORMS Today. He consults and lectures extensively to business and government agencies and has served as an expert witness.